Résumé:
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous cultivated for culinary and
medicinal purposes. The industrial sector requires a high level of consistency in the
biomass, flavor and nutritional profile of garlic. Which can prove challenging to achieve
across variable growing conditions due to the impact of soil quality, climate and crop
management practices on garlic yield and quality.
In order to increase the value of this plant in the pharmaceutical and agricultural
sectors, our study was based on the cultivation of garlic in pots and under greenhouse
using microbial bio-inputs, including two isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, three
isolates of Trichoderma asperellum and one isolate of Plant growth–promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR), a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a number of
parameters including, growth, yield, secondary metabolites, antioxidant, antimicrobial and
herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts prepared from each of the garlic plant samples.
The findings of this study indicate that the inoculation of garlic with endemic
microorganisms exerts a range of effects on growth parameters, functional groups of
chemical compounds and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of their extracts.
The results obtained highlight the significance of employing endemic microbial
isolates (T1) Trichoderma asperellum, (T7) PGPR and (MO) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
to enhance the majority of the growth parameters under investigation. Moreover, the
application of the mycorrhizal fungus isolate MO and the Trichoderma asperellum isolate
T3 resulted in an enhancement of the quality of the secondary metabolites of this crop, as
well as an increase in the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of their aqueous extracts.
Furthermore, the aqueous extract prepared from garlic plants inoculated with isolate T3
indicated a potential inhibitory effect on seed germination and the growth of Lolium
perenne seedlings. In a similar manner, the aqueous extract prepared from garlic plants
inoculated with the isolate T3 exhibited most notable antimicrobial properties, with this
potential being retained even in the freeze-dried form for a period of six months. In light of
these findings, a series of pharmaceutical products were formulated, encompassing both
antimicrobial capsules and a gel, for both oral and cutaneous administration.
