ETUDE ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE DE LA BRUCELLOSE BU DANS LA WILAYA DE BLIDA

Abstract

SUMMARY Brucellosis has been in Algeria since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Up to now, it's continued to spread in our herds and cause enormous economic losses and a number of human cases. In our study, we are interested in the wilaya of Blida comprising 08 agricultural subdivisions and 25 communes. We have studied the evolution of bovine brucellosis in the region for the last five years (of January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2007). A total of 379 cases of brucellosis, coming from 134 herds infected. The results show that the internal rate of infection of animals within the livestock infected is 9,34%, a herd and individual sero prevalence and incidence rate are 7,5%, 1,35% and 4,41% respectively. Which corresponds to 58,82% of the rate from herd seroprevalence. We also conducted a descriptive study characterizing the barn animal population (age, sex, class, race), and we found that most of the cattle are infected cows, race Holstein, aged between 4 and 6 years with an age average of 4,8 years. This situation results not only from defects in the design even of the plan of fight (selective screening, which only affects those animals dairy farm chartered), but also in the implementation of the plan itself (the non-compliance with regulatory slaughter of infected animals which is eight days and the interval between screenings to six months, bad sanitation, as well as defects in the control of risk factors for contamination of livestock from <<résurgences>> and <<introductions>>). This last element is such that the incidence rate stood at 4,41%. This study enabled us to better know and control medical mésures to take and fight against this zoonose and its eradication in Algeria.