Bibliographic study on the main tumors in ruminants

Abstract

Tumors in ruminants are abnormal growths of cells that can occur in any part of the body. They can be benign or malignant but certain tissues develop only malignant forms (lymphoma, glioma, etc...), and can cause various clinical signs depending on their location and size . The most common tumors in ruminants are lymphoma, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Tumor or also called neoplasm refers to new cell growth. It is popularly known as tumor (swelling), but not all swelling is considered as a neoplasm. This neoplasm study is called oncology, oncos - tumors, logy- study.. whereas all tissues and organs may be impacted, at different frequencies and preferred locations wich depends on species, race, age, gender, exposure to potentially carcinogenic substances. A few of the most common tumors, such as lymphoma and spinocellular carcinoma have better documentation.. So on the other hand, ocular squamous cell carcinoma manifests as an infiltrating palpebral mass in adult cattle with low periocular pigmentation.in the similar way, juvenile and dermal forms of LBS affect young dairy cattle with polyadenomegaly or skin nodules. Nevertheless other tumor processes, that are related to the organ involved in the primary tumour or metastases. Histology examination is the microscopic examination of tissues to study the appearance of cells and tissues in order to diagnose tumors such as another diseases . It is an important tool for the diagnosis of cancer. Hence it is the confirmatory exam of tumors ,. Usually the immunohistochemistry is the most frequent histological examination Necropsy can be used to diagnose tumors , It is a postmortem examination of an animal to determine the cause of death or to evaluate pathological conditions. it is the ultimate diagnostic destiny of most of the experimental animals. The diagnosis by necropsy can still be used to implement prevention at the flock level whenever possible due to the impact of tumors which can result in reduced production and trade restrictions. Finally even if all animal species can develop neoplasia and all organs can be affected, The economic and medical consequences of tumours in ruminants are also often underestimated.