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Resume
Les constructeurs apprecient l'aluminium pour sa legerete, ses qualites
mecaniques et son caractere ecologique. La haute qualite de surface, une fois decapee
ou anodisee, lui donne un atout supplementaire.
Les proprietes mecaniques des alliages d faluminium 7075 T6 sont en partie liees
a la nature et a la proportion des elements qui les composent, et a leur potentiel de
favoriser, soit la formation et la repartition des phases ƒ¿ et ƒÀ, soit de precipiter de
nouveaux composes souvent durcissant. Lors du processus de soudage TIG de notre
materiau, un gradient de temperature se cree entre le metal de base et la zone fondue.
Ainsi, les variations de gradient de temperature vont engendrer des structures
metallographiques et des caracteristiques mecaniques diverses dans les differentes
zones constituant le cordon de soudure. La caracterisation de la microstructure, en
raison de la diversite de ses composants, en termes de taille et de nature, necessite
l futilisation de plusieurs techniques d finvestigations, comme l futilisation de la
microscopie optique et la microscopie electronique a balayage (MEB) pour des
approches locales, et l findexation des phases par diffraction (RX) pour des approches
globales. Elle necessite aussi l futilisation des essais de traction et de resilience afin
d fevaluer la qualite de la soudure, de caracteriser l finteraction entre le materiau et le
procede de soudage, et de fournir des donnees quantitatives sur le comportement des
assemblages soudes.
Abstract
Constructors appreciate the aluminum for its lightness, its mechanical qualities
and its ecological character. The high quality of its surface, once stripped or anodized,
gives it a great advantage.
The mechanical properties of the alloys of aluminum 7075 T6 are partly related to the
nature and to the proportion of the elements that compose these alloys, and to their
characters that encourage the formation and distribution of á and â phases, or to
precipitate new compounds often hardens. During the process of TIG welding of our
material, a temperature gradient is created between the base metal and the melted
zone. Thus, changes of the gradient of temperature are going to engender
metallographic structures and diverse mechanical characteristics in various different
zones forming the cordon of weld. The characterization of the microstructure, because
of the diversity of its components in terms of size and nature, requires the use of
multiple techniques of investigations such as the use of optical microscopy and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for local approaches, and indexing diffraction
phases (RX) for global approaches. It also requires the use of the tensile test and the
impact strength test to assess the quality of the weld, to characterize the interaction
between the material and the welding process, and to provide quantitative data on the
welded joints behavior. |
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