Control of acoustics by surface waviness in landin configurations

Abstract

Aircraft noise is dominant for residents near airports when planes fly at low altitudes such as during departure and landing. Flaps, wings, landing gear contribute significantly to the total sound emission. This paper aims to present a passive flow control (in the sense that there is no power input) to reduce the noise radiation induced by the flow over the cavity of the landing gear during take-off and landing. The understanding of the noise source mechanism, is normally caused by the unsteady interactions between the cavity surface and the turbulent flows as well as some studies have shown tonal noise due to cavity resonances, this tonal noise is dependent on cavity geometry and incoming flow, lead us to use of a sinusoidal surface modification application upstream of a cavity as a passive acoustics control device in approach conditions. It is demonstrated that the proposed surface waviness showed a potential reduction in cavity resonance and in the overall sound pressure level at the majority of the points investigated in the low Mach number. Furthermore, optimum sinusoidal amplitude and frequency were determined by the means of a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis for a cavity with a length to depth ratio of 4. The noise control by surface waviness has not implemented in real flight test yet, as all the tests are conducted in the credible numerical simulation. The application of passive control method on the cavity requires a global aerodynamic study of the airframe, is a matter of ongoing debate between aerodynamicists and acousticians. The latter is aimed at the reduction of the noise whereas the former fears a corruption of flow conditions. In order to balance aerodynamic performance and acoustics, the use of the surface waviness in cavity leading edge is the most optimal solution. The proposed leading edge modification it has important theoretical basis and reference value for engineering application it can meet the demands of engineering practice. Particularly, to contribute to the reduce the aircraft noise adopted by the "European Visions 2020". The investigate cavity noise with and without surface waviness generation and propagation by employing a hybrid approach, the computation of flow is decoupled from the computation of sound, which can be performed during a post-processing based on Curle’s acoustic analogy as implemented in OpenFOAM.