Résumé:
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy of autoimmune origin, secondary
to an inappropriate immune response induced by gluten, in genetically
predisposed individuals. It is characterized by a total or partial villous atrophy
of the small intestine, at the origin of a table of malabsorption. The epidemiological
view of celiac disease has evolved dramatically from a rare pediatric disease to a common pathology in all age
groups, with two frequency peaks, in childhood between 6 and 24 in adulthood most o en between 20 and 40 years. The objective of our study is to establish a clinical and serological profile of CD in adults compared to that of children and infants. We performed a descriptive and prospective study, involving a cohort of 167
adults among 374 patients with confirmed CM. The search for autoantibodies
was carried out by the ELISA technique for tissue anti-Transglutaminase (tTG), gliadin-depressed anti-Peptide (DGP) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFI)
on organ cut for the anti-Endomysium
Our study shows a female predominance that increases with age. The sex
ratio in infants is 0.82, in contrast in the adult sex ratio F / H is of the order of
4.53. The sex ratio F / M in adults is 4.53. The most frequent clinical sign is skin
and mucous pallor, which is the major clinical sign with a rate of around 37%,
followed by diarrhea, which is found in 19% of cases. Immunological exploration
shows that anti tTG-IgA antibodies are much more common in adults
compared to children and infants, with a rate of around 83.35% of cases.
Our study confirms the predominance of females, the high frequency of
cutaneo-mucous pallor and atypical forms. Hence the interest of immunological
screeninginthefaceofcrudeoratypicalforms.Immunologicalexploration
and early management can prevent complications and improve the
prognosis of the disease.
