Résumé:
This research project aims to develop an innovative PV system that automatically tracks the
sun's trajectory throughout the year while avoiding shaded areas, without using sensors. The
main objective is to optimize solar energy absorption and increase solar electricity productivity.
To achieve this goal, precise astronomical equations are used to calculate the sun's position
every 15 minutes, taking into account the latitude and longitude of the solar panel's location
and the height of the object causing the shading. Based on this information, the solar panel is
adjusted to remain perpendicular to the sunlight while moving away from the shadow caused
by the obstacle, thus maximizing the absorption of available solar energy. Furthermore, an
algorithm has been developed to avoid the shadow of potential obstacles such as building
terrace walls or chimneys and adjust the position of the solar panel accordingly to avoid any
shading. With the help of two motors controlled by an Arduino board, one provides translational
movement to clear the PV from the shaded area, and the other ensures rotational movement of
the tracker. All electronic and mechanical components have been implemented to create a
prototype that validated the automated system.
